Essay --

El hombre, desde su surgimiento ha disfrutado de las riquezas de la naturaleza, pero en esos momentos no las afectaba en un grado considerable. En las etapas posteriores del desarrollo de la sociedad humana fue creciendo la capacidad del mismo de modificar su medio ambiente, y consecuentemente, se present la necesidad de salvaguardar la naturaleza de los efectos nocivos de esta actividad.El impacto ambiental es el efecto que produce la actividad humana sobre el medio ambiente. El concepto puede extenderse a los efectos de un fenmeno natural catastrfico. Tcnicamente, es la alteracin de la lnea de base ambiental.Los recursos naturales se encuentran amenazados en todos los sentidos. El agua, el suelo y el aire son recursos que estn siendo afectados por acciones sin estudios previos que permitan mitigar estos impactos. La minimizacin del impacto ambiental es un factor importante en los estudios de cualquier proyecto que se quiera llevar a cabo. Con esto se puede lograr que los efectos se cundarios sean positivos, o menos negativos.En estos das que est tan de moda hablar de sostenibilidad y de cmo las empresas grandes y pequeas se vinculan con la comunidad y el ambiente, es importante repasar estos conceptos parity bit tener claro cules son los aspectos medulares que definen una empresa sostenible.Sostenibilidad se puede definir como el uso equilibrado y responsable de los recursos naturales de manera que se pueda dar el desarrollo econmico, social y ambiental de una comunidad a muy largo plazo. Las empresas como motores de desarrollo econmico tienen una responsabilidad enorme con las comunidades donde estn inmersas y genus Sus metas no solo se limitan a la creacin de empleo y riqueza, sino a la proteccin del medio ambiente y ... ... seala para definir si esta es una empresa sostenible, se puede notar su real compromiso ambiental y la conciencia que estos tienen para con el uso de recursos naturales es ms que obvio, tambin su desarrollo econmico, pues la compaa log ra obtener cantidades industriales de ganancias, obteniendo as gran renombre a nivel mundial. Cabe notar su gran aporte social, primeramente para con sus empleados y la atencin que se les da a estos y a sus familias que toman forma de becas, apoyos financieros, seguridad y beneficios diversos, as como a la sociedad apoyando por medio de fundaciones a las comunidades. El equipo cree que al cumplir con los requisitos antes mencionados, Chrysler cumple las expectativas de ser una empresa sostenible en todos los aspectos y no slo por cumplir, sino por el no conformarse con serlo sino buscar siempre una mejora en su desarrollo.

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey :: essays research papers

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest - HeroA hero is considered to be any man noted for feats of courage or nobility of social functionespecially, one who has risked or sacrificed his life. This describes one of the maincharacters in the highly acclaimed novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, by KenKesey. Randle McMurphy is the hero of this novel because he stood firmly against heavy powers, showing courage and ultimately paying with his life. There were noheroes on the psychiatric ward before McMurphys arrival. Nurse Ratched wieldedsupreme power. No single longanimous had the ability to stand against the injustices to whichthey were subjected. McMurphy united these patients. He gave them collective courageand a sense that they could resist their persecutor. For example, Harding states, "No onesever dared to come out and say it before, hardly theres not a man among us that doesnt thinkit. That doesnt feel just as you do about her and the whole business-feel it somewheredown deep in his scared little soul." Not only did McMurphy unite his friends, the patientsbut he understood the enemy, the staff. He recognized the ultimate authority andoppressive power of those in charge of the psychiatric ward. He also knew that to resistthem would put himself at great personnel risk. McMurphy, however, took the risk anddefended his fellow patients. For example, McMurphy says to the black boy who isharassing George, "I verbalise thats enough buddy." McMurphy knew this confrontation wouldhave harsh consequences, but he took the chance. In fact McMurphy took one too manychances. This heros end comes when he lashes out at nurse Ratched, blaming her for thedeath of Billy Bibbit. McMurphy demonstrated his feeling for Billy by his emotionalreaction to his death, "First Charles Cheswick and now William Bibbit I hope youre

Gay Marriage: A Modern Soddom and Gomorra Essay -- Against Gay Marriag

Gay parenting and union has become publicly accepted by close to and rejected by others. Many have come to believe this topic to be immoral and impossible. Society has also realized that the average family has developed into many a(prenominal) different forms in the last few years. Gay families have developed and are perceived today that raising kids without both a Mom and Dad, deprives the claw from being introduced to both worlds. The approach to this debated topic will be to analyze and to defend the cons of gay parenting and marriage.Ever since the beginning of creation, God made man and cleaning lady to reproduce and create humanity. God never in between allowed or said that same sex marriage was permissible or was the natural elan to create a generation. For example in Genesis chapter 19 the story of Sodom and Gomorrah explained the wickedness of the city that mainly strived from manity. Genesis 195- And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the hands which came in to thee this night? Bring them out unto us that we may know them. The citys perverseness made God infuriated and led to the end of that city turning it into fire and brimstone. This gives evidence that homosexuality is a religious sin, which is analogous to many other Biblical prohibitions, like committing adultery which transgresses ethics.According to the Bible, Deuteronomy 3246- And he said unto them, deposit your hearts unto all the words which I testify among you this day, which ye shall command your children to observe to do, all the words of this law. It is impossible to raise children when both parents are the same sex because it isnt natural and goes against biblical standards. In addition, children wont have the example from their parents to do different than they do and repair better decisions that please God.Some issues that are argued on the topic of gay parenting is that gay parenting is no different from heterosexual parenting. Many studies have stated this, but, match to University of Chicagos professor of ethics and social sciences Don Browning, none of these studies were absolute. Other studies show that children raised by homosexuals were more unhappy with their own gender, had more frequent homosexual experiences , and endured a greater rate of molestation by family members (CT). Societies, both gay and straight, view gay paren... ... childrenA. Unnatural way of same-sex parentsB. Children have the influenceIIII. Issues ArguedA. Gay parenting is no different from heterosexual parenting1. Greater rate of molestationB. Bonding is only for heterosexualsC. Going against societyV. Children and ParentsA. Same-sex marriage deprives childrenB. Trouble with sexual identityVI. Child curseA. Preparing the childB. Conflict between best interestC. Damaging self esteemVII. Gay marriage and legal rightsA. States approving gay marriageB. good marriage in DenmarkVIII. Society and Gay rightsA. Owning childrenB. Divorce in courtC. Government opp osing gay marriageVIIII. Real reasons for opposing gay marriageA. Arent comfortable with the ideaB. Goes against religionC. Marriage is sacredD. Gay sex is unnaturalE. They could recruitX. ConclusionA. Negative influence on childrenB. Soddom and GomorraC. Set BoundariesWorks CitedChristian Science Moniter. 2004. Staff of Christian Science Moniter. 10 October 2004

Selfishness and Misguided Views in Madame Bovary Essay -- Madame Bovar

Selfishness and Misguided Views in Madame Bovary The majority of Gustave Flauberts 1857 classic novel, Madame Bovary , tells of the marriage and dickens adulterous affairs of one lady, Madame Emma Bovary. Emma, believing she is in love, agrees to marry the widower doctor who heals her fathers broken leg. This doctor, Charles Bovary, Jr., is completely in love with Emma. However, Emma finds she must have been inconclusive in her love, for the happiness that should have followed this love (44) has not come. Emma is misguided in her beliefs on the meaning of love and happiness. It is also apparent that she considers herself more important than anyone attached with her, including her husband, her daughter, and her two lovers. Emmas misguided views and selfishness clearly deny her the happiness to which she feels she is entitled. Madame Bovary begins revealing how she is denied happiness not long after she and Charles are married. A controlling thought resounds in Madame B ovarys mind Good heavens why did I marry? (58). Emma refuses the happiness Charles offers, despite--or perhaps in spite--of his deep devotion to his wife, and wills herself to separate from her husband. She wonders if by some other pass combination it would not have been possible to meet another man and she tried to imagine what would have been these unrealized events, this different life, this unknown husband (58). Madame Bovary, her lovely husbands lack of qualities in mind, instead wants for a handsome, witty, distinguished, attractive (58) lover. Assuming this is the version of lover to whom her childhood friends are now married, Emma is also consumed with jealousy. At the ball at Vaubyessard, Emma ridicules Charles when h... ...al touches and finally upon the soles of the feet, so swift of yore, when she was running to satisfy her desires, and that would now walk no more (419).Madame Bovary selfishly leaves her husband and daughter to suffer in the pauperisation that she has caused. She has never loved the two people whom she should have loved most--the two people who did love her most. Happiness will be prevented when selfishness and misguided views are present. instead of longing for things that one cannot have and emotions that are simply unattainable, one should glory in the love of the family and friends one has, and enjoy whatever objects one may attain. solely then may one find the true happiness that ones soul longs after.Works CitedFlaubert, Gustave. The Worlds Great Classics Madame Bovary . Translated from French by Eleanor Marx-Aveling. New York Grolier Incorporated, n. d.

An Ounce of Cure :: essays papers

An Ounce of CureAn Ounce of ProblemsProblems, we think they all disappear when we try to decease life as though they never happen. In the fictional story of An Ounce of Cure, her teenage crises of the undying love for her boyfriend was persistent even after she was dropped. This mid-teenage problem, to her, was the end of her pre-destined life. Teenagers often exaggerate their tragedies, which result in sometimes life threatening situations. The theme of this story is even though we feel identical our whole life has flipped over it will get better and our problems will die out. The narrator in this story expresses her point of view as she lives through with(predicate) this horrible stage in her teenage life. The characters that Alice Munro uses in the story are common and very realistic. The narrator never gives her name. She is the major character in the story and conveys this in first person. She is considered the reliable character since she is telling of a stage in her own lif e. I think she in insecure do to her parents already hoping for a lesser rather than a capitaler disasteran elopement, say, with a boy who could never earn his living, rather than an abduction into the White Slave trade.(451) She has been given over this pre-conceived destiny, which also contributes to her instability and by her boyfriend leaving her.Here in the story the character could be considered a dynamic character. The fact that her drinking and her plan of attack at suicide are spread throughout the whole town places a cloud of remorse and shame over her. She paid a great deal for her mistakes and learned from them. I think her mom could be considered a static-flat character. Here her miss is trying to grow up and get a boyfriend, passing play to high school, and babysitting on the side and her mother still does not want to see her daughter as gentleman material. She has this fixed idea that her daughter will marry some person who cant make a living. By the end of the story, the narrator gets over him and goes on with her life, which Im reliable her mother is appalled.

An Ounce of Cure :: essays papers

An Ounce of CureAn Ounce of ProblemsProblems, we think they all disappear when we try to live life as though they never happen. In the fictional story of An Ounce of Cure, her teenage crises of the undying love for her boyfriend was persistent even after she was dropped. This mid-teenage problem, to her, was the end of her pre-destined life. Teenagers much exaggerate their tragedies, which result in approximatelytimes life threatening situations. The theme of this story is even though we feel like our whole life has flipped everywhere it will get better and our problems will die out. The narrator in this story expresses her point of view as she lives through this horrible stage in her teenage life. The characters that Alice Munro uses in the story atomic number 18 common and very realistic. The narrator never gives her name. She is the major character in the story and conveys this in prototypic person. She is considered the reliable character since she is telling of a stage in h er own life. I think she in insecure do to her parents already hoping for a lesser rather than a greater disasteran elopement, say, with a boy who could never earn his living, rather than an abduction into the White Slave trade.(451) She has been given this pre-conceived destiny, which also contributes to her instability and by her boyfriend leaving her.Here in the story the character could be considered a dynamic character. The fact that her drinking and her attempt at suicide are spread throughout the whole town places a cloud of remorse and shame over her. She paid a great deal for her mistakes and learned from them. I think her mom could be considered a static-flat character. Here her daughter is trying to grow up and get a boyfriend, going to high school, and babysitting on the side and her mother still does not want to see her daughter as gentleman material. She has this fixed idea that her daughter will marry some person who cant make a living. By the end of the story, the n arrator gets over him and goes on with her life, which Im sure her mother is appalled.

Private Sector Approaches Essay

Since the advent of new frequent setment reforms, clannish sphere managerial onrushes atomic number 18 fast gaining attention in various frequent welkins. This is cod to the belief that on-going global sparing constraints and pecuniary crises be demanding for to a greater extent organisational posture with minimal cost, and private domain practices are believed to be more efficient than its humankind orbit counterpart. It is within this context that human choice counseling practices are being transferred into the humankind welkin for better consummation. However, several literatures have debated the numerous differences between the human race and private sector and lots concluded that rough-and-readyness of in private transferred human choice practices into the cosmos sector are likely to be strained (Rainey et. al., 1976). One argument is that public sector goals as opposed to its private counterpart, are unclear and intangible and therefore, outcome become s difficult to measure towards mental process.Moreover it is in addition argued that public sector workers are inherently motivated and as such cannot be monetarily motivated towards cognitive process. Also, managers in the public sectors are often argued to have limited autonomy posed by politicians galloping to a strain on the performance branch. And finally, the constant financial deficit in the public sector has also been argued to limit its performance and reward systems. The case of the NHS as a public sector in the UK will be utilize to answer the above question. It will first start with a brief description of the NHS, and then brook an overview of what human resource counseling means and what its practices are.The effects of these practices (performance management, appraisals, and rewards) would then be reviewed in specific NHS examples in relation to the contrasting public environmental differences. Overall, imputable to the overwhelming literature demonstrating th e ineffectiveness of HRM practices in the NHS or rather the inability of HRM and supporting studies empirically demonstrating the link between HRM practices and performance, this essay holds the opinion that the private sector practices of HRM should not be immediately transferred into the public sector or at least should be cautiously transferred in its adaptation into the public sector.THE NHSThe UK NHS was created for a super (quality), universal (equity) and free health delivery at its point of use. The search for effective delivery of services in the UK NHS prompted the NHS marketisation via the 1990 NHS and community care act. Markets divided the acquire power from the providing power of health services thereby making Trusts (self-governing infirmary) accountable for their performances. Perhaps, this division occurred because the effective management of human resources out of many other organisational assets was astray viewed as a better tool to address financial crises v ia organisational performance improvement (Huselid, 1995).HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTDue to the rapid rise of significant interest in Human resource management over the last decade, there has been varying definition ascribed to its definition. This essay agrees with the Harvard definition in which Human resource management is viewed to encompass all managerial decisions that influences the relationship between the human resources of an organisation (its employees) and the organisation itself (Beer et. al., 1985, p. 1). though, its practices have been grouped into various models, it is beyond the ambit of this essay to discuss them. However, the general concept of its practices can be understood as the use of various strategies which includes amongst many others, performance management, appraisals and reward to effectively manage employee attitudes towards the organisations goal and performance (Armstrong, 2002, p. 3).PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT operation management and appraisal as descr ibed by Bratton and Gold (2007, p. 274) is a process used to assess a team or individuals abilities towards performance development and improvement. This process involves setting a goal towards an outcome, monitoring and evaluating via performance indicators, and rewards as well as penalties as the case whitethorn be. However, in the public sector, arguments have ensued that performance management often contradicts the downcast print of public services or is rather strategically used by politicians to importune some form of control over the sectors and not to perform its intended purpose. Performance indicators albeit is fast becoming popular both in the public and private sectors, has a measurability often argued to be complex in the public sector as opposed to the private sector where only monetary values and profits are measured.Even though, the ultimate goal of this HR tool is to train performance either in the private or public sector, the role of targets in the public secto r is often debated as many studies have present their obscurity by questioning whether ratings or indicators can actually measure performance accurately. However, over the last decades, some studies have agreed that HRM tools have to a certain extent a drive on organisational performance both in the public and private sectors (Carter and Robinson, 2000, Boxall, 2003). In the NHS, the labour government has initiated performance management via the NHS STAR RATING as a tool to drive performance and accountability. A balanced marker card which consist of both financial and non-financial measures of HRM measures is used as a multidimensional goal and target in assessing hospital performances. That is, the NHS star rating evaluates hospital performance across dimensions like forbearing satisfaction, clinical output, waiting times and delivering capacity of hospitals (Healthcare Commission , 2004).Hospitals are ascribed ratings of zero, one, two or three stars based on their performance s in the score calculation. As a consequence, high star rating hospitals acquire greater autonomy whilst managers in lower star rating hospitals are been threatened of their dismissal (Givan, 2005). Some researchers have move to demonstrate its efficacy, however, other researchers have demonstrated that the associated indicators, targets, star ratings, rewards and punishment are unfair and unreal in the public sector and consequently destroy the blue print of NHS which is fairness, equity, quality and universality. Givan (2005, p. 636) argues that the supposed intention of the NHS star ratings to improve performance and to affix public awareness to quality of delivered health services is only rhetorical. She argues that, in practice, HR performance indicators have not been generated from fair, accurate and transparent data, and as such the indicators have not fulfilled their primary goals as many HR directors have expressed their lack of confidence in the quality of data used to wards the ratings.She further notes that the public has used the rating as an opportunity to bump hospitals instead of understanding and appropriately accessing the facilities. The ratings therefore affected how patients patronize hospitals. It was noticed that more patients patronize the highly rated hospitals whilst, the poorly rated ones were less visited with subsequent difficulty on how to restore their image. Another point, Givan (2005) highlighted, is the negative effect the media plays in the association of the public sector performance and the effect of HRM performance measurement. She explained how the NHS publication of hospital ratings has led to the demoralization of hospital staffs departing in poorer performance. She argues that the media took advantage of these publications by constantly publicising the negative aspect of health service delivery even though according to her the best rated hospitals are not necessarily the best performing as items measured are somet imes intangible and those not measured becomes insignificant.Bevan (2006) has also highlighted how HRM practices have led to the difference of one of NHS blue print, which is the quality of services provided to patients. He argued that, due to the fact that rewards and punishment have been perceived to be unfair as a result of unfair indicators and ratings, pretence and gaming has ensued amongst practitioners because measurement and ratings are perceived to be presently more weighted than quality of services being rendered. As a result, practitioners have devised means of being measured well as opposed to the focus on quality of service tending(p). Indeed, waiting times have rock-bottom just for hospital recurrences to increase. Moreover, the measurement of service quality within the NHS has been highlighted and argued to represent a form of professional distrust from the government and seen as a break out of professional idealism where a nurse or a doctor can be expected to per form maximally without supervision (Morgan & Potter, 1995).In the corresponding vein, public service employees have been argued to have public service ethos where staffs perform maximally without strict supervision or even any form of incentives (Public system Select Committee, 2002). Indeed, to some extent, these researchers have believed that performance management via NHS star rating is a political gimmick for politicians to shift blames of underperformances on professionals who work in the public sector or at least to control the public sector which still perhaps, point to the fact that the public sector is different from the private sector within politicians control devices. This is also in line with the notion of Propper and Wilson (2003) who have noted that performance management and NPM are strategic methods used by politicians to assert control over the public and not for its intended purpose for performance improvement as in the private sector.However, although the NHS s tar rating and the balanced score card have met some form of resistance from professionals and hospitals in the public sector, Aidemark & Funck (2009) have been able to positively demonstrate their effect on practitioners and NHS services. In their study, they explained how contention for efficiency ensued amongst practitioners towards becoming best performing hospital and consequently seen to improve availability of health care services. The balanced score card which consist of approximately practices from HRM was able to help practitioners work more efficiently by helping them compare more numbers of patient parameters in one unit. For example, comparing patient need, treatment and feedback simultaneously facilitated cost efficiency and reducing waiting times.PERFORMANCE APPRAISALMoving away from the view of government and NHS institutions, and looking at performance appraisals within organisations, that is, between organisational leaders and employees, HRM practices seem also no t to be applauded. The argument is that due to the measurement of intangible goals within the public sector, many of the performance appraisals conducted by senior managers or supervisors would result into a low quality appraisal. Within this context, low quality appraisals are faults generated during performance management processes, which often lead to wrong evaluation/judgments of appraisal either from employee or supervisory perspectives. This notion follows Murphy and Cleveland (1995)s argument that public sector performance appraisal is a complex process because services are unquantifiable and would most likely result into bias and subjective judgment by the management supervisor.They noticed that these biases often result from the way a supervisor perceives and judges the outcome of the management process. Moreover, the judgment of any managerial appraisal in the public sector can be influenced by so many factors such as emotion, government policy, structures or even the appe arance of the person appraised. Treadway et al. (2007, pp. 48-55) further emphasised on the progressive increase in appraisal bias and subjectivity within the public sector. The argument is that supervisors are often noticed to exhibit negative attitudes towards appraisal processes, perhaps due to the terra firma that they feel uncomfortable giving negative feedbacks to staffs. Therefore, in the public sector, they conduct this process more for the purpose of accountability or just for the reason to be seen conducting it.In the NHS, various studies have been carried out to take in the effectiveness of appraisal systems. It appears that many have not supported their effectiveness. In the study of personnel functions within the NHS by Guest and Peccei (1992), the effectiveness of performance appraisal was ranked 14th out of 17 personnel practices in view. Wilson and Cole (1990) have blest the lack of sustainability of appraisal system within the NHS to the highly and complex polit icized nature of health care. Redman et al. (2000), in their study on the effectiveness of appraisal within an NHS hospital also concluded that the process has not been proven to be fair and effective, perhaps due to lack of time, resources and results ambiguity that makes the process difficult within the health system.REWARDThe effectiveness of HRM reward systems in the public sector is another practice that is keenly contested. Bratton and Gold (2007, p. 358) define reward as, the financial and non-financial earningsment given to an employee by an organization for a successful work done. It is often in form of advance, recognition, benefits or pay. This new approach of rewarding public sector employees seems more flexible as opposed to the old reward system in which rewards automatically comes after years of service or hierarchy. This new approach may be argued to motivate employees towards work performance since employees are not promoted or rewarded if they do not perform well at work. However, some researchers have viewed this approach to be unethical within the public sector since it goes against the public service ethos of equity, equality and fairness. Some also have demonstrated the paradox and tensions between the pay methods.That is, where an employee perceives the method to be dissatisfactory even though it may be fair, it may cause more harm than good. Some even argue whether public sector staffs that are often seen to be intrinsically motivated are extrinsically motivated. Extrinsic reward within this context is a pay, benefit or promotion rewarded from an equivalently rendered service whilst intrinsic reward is the satisfaction derived psychologically from doing a job without an equivalent pay. Crewson (1997), in his empirical study carried out on public employee to determine to what extent pay incentives will affect motivation to work found out that the majority of staffs were not motivated to do more than how they have often been used to per form. Some were even noticed to demonstrate a demotivation.In fact, the overall notion is that rewards have not been actually effective within the public sector, perhaps, due to the complex and unquantifiable service rendered in public sector, which are often difficult to measure as opposed to the private sector where financial outcome is the basis for performance measurement. The quality and outcome framework of the NHS is an example of an institution that provides financial incentives to its employees (clinical team). It awards points to levels of targeted achievements of care processes and indicators of clinical outcomes. Rewards are directly linked to the number of points achieved.Though Doran et al. (2008) noticed that the framework achieved some changes in employee behaviour and concluded that the process was costly. Campbell et al. (2009), also questioned the relationship between some of its performance targets and the health improvement of its state and concluded that the s etting of standard for one aspect of health care have reduced health performance elsewhere. The overall notion is that even though incentives may have seemed to be beneficial, its costly nature within the NHS may not be able to justify its implementation and subsequently its sustainability may not be guaranteed.CONCLUSIONThe effectiveness of private practices including Human resource management practices in the public sector is still unclear yet, these practices are continuously use in the public sector. Perhaps, this is due to the wide belief that private sector tools are better than its public counterpart in resolving the on-going financial and fiscal deficit. Tools used by the human resource management are performance management, appraisal and rewards. The NHS is no exception to public sectors that greatly depends on these human resource management tools presently in the UK. The NHS having its blue print in fairness, equity and quality has been widely criticised to lose its orig inality after the initiation of new public management and human resource management.To drive performance within the NHS, the government adopted the NHS star rating which paved the way for various studies to be carried out on its fairness and effectiveness. Many researchers as discussed above have demonstrated the process to be unfair and highly politicized especially whilst questioning the indicators and targets used during this process. Appraisals have also not been applauded by many studies as it is seen to lead to a low quality appraisal via supervisory subjectivity and bias. It has also been viewed as contradictory to public service ethos and has led to distrust between employees with subsequent underperformance of staffs.Rewards in the quality and outcome framework of the NHS have also not been perceived to be effective and where it is, it was described to be costly and lack sustainability within the public sector or at least in the NHS. Overall, this essay holds the opinion th at the success in transferring private human resource management practices into the public sector is yet unclear at least in the NHS. Perhaps, this is due to the effect of public sector peculiarity such as intangible measures, lack of resources and political powers as opposed to its private counterpart. As such, practices from the private sector should not be directly transferred but cautiously or modified to the corresponding institution.BibliographyWilson, J. & Cole, G. (1990). A healthy approach to performance appraisal. Personel Management , 46-49. Aidemark, L.-G. & Funck, E. K. (2009). Measurement and Health Care Management. Financial right & Management , 25 (2), 253-276. Armstrong, M. (2002). Employee Reward, 3rd ed. London CIPD. Bevan, G. (2006). Setting targets for health care performance lessons from a case study of the English NHS. National Institute economic review , 197 (1), 67-79. Beer, M. Lawrence, P. Spector, B. Mills, D. & Walton, R. (1985). Human resource managemen t a general managers perspective. New York The Free Press. Boxall, P. (2003). HR strategy and competitive advantage in the service sector. Human Resource Management Journal , 13 (3), 5-20. Bratton, J. & Gold, J. (2007). Human Resource Management Theory and Practice. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillian. Campbell, S. M. Reeves, D. Kontopantelis, E. Sibbald, B. & Roland, M. (2009). Effects of Pay for Performance on the timberland of Primary Care in England. The new england journal of medicine , 361, 368-378. Carter, A.& Robinson, D. (2002). Employee Returns Linking HR Performance Indicators to Business Strategy. Report 365. Brighton Institute for Employment Studies. Crewson, P. E. (1997). Public- inspection and repair Motivation Building experimental Evidence of Incidence and Effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , 7 (4), 499-518. Doran, T. Kontopantelis, E. Fullwood, C. & David Reeves. (2008). Effect of financial incentives on inequalities in the delivery of prima ry clinical care in England analysis of clinical activity indicators for the quality and outcomes framework. The Lancet , 372 (9640), 728-736. Guest, D. E. & Peccei, R. (1992). The Effectiveness of Personnel Management in the NHS. London NHS Personnel Development Division. Givan, R. K. (2005). see stars human resources performance indicators in the National Health Service. Personel Review , 34 (6), 634-647. Huselid, M. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. honorary society of Management Journal , 38 (3), 635-672. Healthcare Commission . (2004). NHS performance ratings 2003/2004. Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection. London The Healthcare Commission. Murphy, K. R. & Cleveland, J. (1995). Understanding performance appraisal Social, organizational, and goal-based perspectives. calcium Sage. Morgan, P. & Potter, C. (1995). Professional Cultures and Paradigms in Quality Health Care. In I. &. Ki rkpatrick, The Politics of Quality in the Public Sector. London Routledge. Public Administration Select Committee. (2002). The Public Service Ethos Seventh Report of Session 2001-02 Vol.1. House of Commons. London HMSO. Propper, C. & Wilson, D. (2003). The Use and Usefulness of Performance Measures in the Public Sector. Oxford Review of Economic Policy , 19 (2), 250-267. Rainey, H. Levine, C. & Backoff. (1976). comparison Public and Private organisations. Public Administration Review , 36, 233-244. Redman, T. Thompson, D. Snape E. & Ka-Ching Yan, F. (2000). Performance appraisal in a NHS hospital. Human Resource Management Journal , 10 (1), 48-62. Treadway, D.C., Adams, G.L., Duke, A.B., Ferris, G.R., & Thatcher, J.B. (2007). The chair role of subordinate political skill on supervisors impressions of subordinate ingratiation and ratings of subordinate interpersonal facilitation. Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 (3), 848-855.

Measurement research paper

There is a saying that efforts of measuring rod depend on the out obtain of global teams. The difference between the outcome and the process isnt so important but only that during research, what is measured depends on the work of the teams.Measurement can be seen as investing in order to make a descion or a desired outcome. But also, there has to be some questions answered same what, when and how to measure. As for when to measure, this depends on the rates and time of team performances, as for how to measure this is based on the instrument going to be used in measuring.The use of quantity includes researching, getting the problem diagonised, training feedback and lastly evaluation in areas of training and selection.Measurement attributes help in inhabiting what behaviours to concentrate on and determine. Behaviours examined leads to organizing attributes. These behaviours are commonly organised in an allocation of a task.Volume is the space which a luculent occupies in a cont ainer. Volume measuring units include gallons, cups, and quarts but there is what we identify the systems of metric which include litres and millilitres. The instruments used to collect the units may include measuring cups, cylinders, measuring spoons and beakers. In the case of measuring a liquid volume that is gloomy for example if it is something like medicine (syrup), the beat out unit of measure to use is milliteres, If it is something which has a little more volume for example sugar in a sugar bowl, then its better to use a cup, but if this volume is actually liquid then it means the right unit of measure is pints. If the liquid is in a large volume then gallons are best to use. The best face to use while measuring the volume in a bucket may be pi calculate by 2r (radius) multiplied by h (height) which is pi*2r*hArea is an enclosed dimensional geometric figure spaceThe formula for measuring area in a bucket may be pie multiplied by pi multiplied by 2r (radius) multiplied by h (height) which is pi*2r*hLength is usually the space between the beginning of an mark or point to the end. The space in between is what is called duration. The distance around the object is called its perimeter. The measurement systems of length include customary units and metric units. And these include centimetres, miles or kilometeres.Lets say you are interested in measuring lengths which are short like the length of your face, then the best to use is centimetres. If you are measuring distances which are long for example from your house till the capital city centre, then the best is kilometres and miles. The best formula to use while measuring the length in a bucket may include 2 multiplied by pi multiplied r(radius) which is 2*pi*rWeight is amount of gravitational force on an object. The devices used to measure weight can include calibrated scale and two leg balance. Weight has customary units of measure and these are pounds. The metric units of measure are kilograms. If one wants to measure an object which is small or little, the best to use is milligrams, when the object is a bit bigger for example a glass, then the best to use is grams, then if the object is more bigger like if you want to know what your weight is, then the best to use is the kilograms and pounds, above all if the object is very very big like a big animal like a giraffe, then you are free to use tons and kilograms as your units of measure.REFERENCESNeely, J. (2004). University of Northern Iowa. Retrieved March 14, 2007Pollock, N., & Thompson, S. (1998). University of Richmond. Retrieved March 14, 2007Brannick, M. T., Salas, E., & Prince, C. (Eds.). (1997). Team Performance Assessment and Measurement Theory, Methods, and Applications. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Classic Airlines and Marketing-Mkt 571

Classic air ducts and Marketing WK 1 MKT 571 University of Phoenix Classic Airlines is the fifth largest airline carrier in the world with 375 airplanes that go 240 cities with more than2,300 flights each day. Since its inception 25 years ago, Classic Airlines has more than32,000 employees. Last year the company had a last(a) income of 10 million dollars (Classic Airlines, 2010). on-going challenges Although the company is making a good profit, it has also encountered some major challenges. The downturn in the economy has caused net income to decrease.This year the company had a net income of $10 million, however the previous year had a net incomeof $71 million. The company has experienceda 10% decrease in share prices. Classic Airlines has the highest labor greet in the industry (Classic Airlines, 2010). These challenges has caused employee morale to hit an all time low. Classic Airlines is in the process of solving their current challenges and evaluating their current position in the marketplace. growth and services marketed and selling concepts Classic Airlines needs to have the netprofit increase each year.This can be accomplished by developing an effective marking plan. The merchandise plan should be centered on increasing passenger activity by rewarding its current customers and enticing new customers. The marketing plan should remove potential markets and getting, keeping, and growing new customers by delivering superior customer value (Kotler & Keller, 2006). Classic Airlines should continue performing customer surveys. Through these surveys the company can cause valuableinformation on how to keep existing customers and obtain new ones.These surveys can be a tool that can assist Classic Airlines implement their new marketing plan. Through these surveys the company and determine what services should be offered. Current corporate acculturation Classic Airlines has a mixed culture. They pay their employees top salaries,while competitors are acu te pay to employees. The company has one of the best retirement plans in the industry. However, the company plans a 15% across-the-board cost reduction over the next 18 months. Employee morale is lowest in the companys history. ConclusionClassic Airlines has some major challenges including a $61 million dollar decrease in net profit, 10% decrease in share prices, a downturn in the economy, and a need to reduce costs by 15% over the next 18 months. The company markets a frequent flier program to increase business and reward its loyal customers. The company needs to update the current rewards program. The corporate culture has been impacted by the lowest employee morale in the companys history. The company is in the process of solving their current challenges and evaluating their current position in the marketplace. ReferencesClassic Airline Scenario Classic Airlines (2010). Retrieved March 12, 2010 from the University of Phoenix MKT/571 Management Web site https//myresource. phoenix. edusecure/resource Hansen, R. (2010). Uncovering a companys corporate culture is a critical task for job-seekers. Retrieved on March 12, 2010 from http//www. quintcareers. com/employer_corporate_culture. html Kotler, P. & Keller, K. ((2007). A Framework for Marketing Management (3th edition). Pearson Prentice Hall, stop number Saddle River, New Jersey Robbins, S. (2007) Organizational Behavior (12th Edition). Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

Neighborhoods and Deliquence Essay

How does one know for sure whether or non their family is macrocosm brought up in the chasten role of environment? An abundance of people raise their children in propinquitys where the youth may be pressured and lured into situations that can generally lead to only problems and complications. There is not necessarily one right answer to prevent this from happening. It is not as simple as keeping adolescents from getting into swelled situations by locking them up a closet their entire lives however, there can be other slipway to approach and deal with these ypes of issues involving Juvenile delinquency.Nowadays, the area in which a psyche lives and raises their families, may induce a significant amount to do with the circumstances in which their kids get involved with face pack affiliation, drugs and committing violent acts. To begin, there are numerous places where which gangs or gang affiliation is present, yet there are certain areas in which gangs are more apparent. For example, according to an article from SF gate, A 1 5-year-old son has been charged with murder in the slaying of another teenager near a troubled Oakland apartment omplex, authorities said TuesdayThe slaying happened in a neighborhood where two buildings had recently been condemned because of code violations and fears of imminent gang activity, and police suspect that Erik and his killer were members of correspond gangs. (SF Gate). Henry Lee who wrote this article gives a hone example of how many unexampled teens are getting into gangs. This shooting happened in Oakland were a lot of violence goes on, because low income families live in the bad neighborhoods their children prove up with many bad influences around them.Another example is, in reference to this article from SF Gate, The action came a week atter police noticed that close buildings were covered with gang graffiti a gang members had punched holes through the walls of the complex as an escape route, apparently girding for a possible attack, authorities said. Rival gang members then sprayed over the graffiti, police said. (SF Gate). This article is mainly about how a young child gunned down rival gang members, but analyzing this more exhaustively it states how children are getting into gangs at a young age because of the neighborhoods they are ripening in.Young children are getting into gangs and committing violent acts because of the neighborhood they are maturement up in. Furthermore, drugs are another influence that children of a young age are getting into because of the neighborhoods they are growing up in. For example, from an article of World youth Report, The use of alcohol and illegal drugs by Juveniles is one cause of delinquency, as they are often compelled to commit crimes (usually theft) to obtain the cash needed to support their inwardness use. Drugs play a huge role in when it comes to Juvenile delinquency because young children get into them. The reason for that is because of the neighborhood the child grows up to. A legal comparison is a child growing up in Oakland compared to a child growing up in Marin. In Marin one doesnt clear children drug dealing at the corner compared to Oakland were things like that do happen and children are involved. Another example from the article of World Youth Report, Many young people retreat into the confines of their own groups and resort to drug use for psychological or emotional escape. Drugs can in any case be used as a getaway drug because of problems they might be having ut it wouldnt be a problem if the children were being raised in the right type of environment. Drugs have a big influence on children when growing up in a bad neighborhood. Finally, there is the issue of violence amongst youth. Violence is also a huge issue around the world, but is more generally seen in conflicted neighborhoods.An example from an article of World Youth Report, Quite often, advantage is being taken of illegal opportunities as yo ung people commit various offences, become addicted to drugs, and use violence against their peers. Violent acts that children do at a young ge because of the neighborhoods they grow up in. Many kids do more violent acts because they are in gangs and required to or because of anger. Children doing violent acts do them because of the intent style they grow up in. Back to the article form SF gate where the fifth teen year old teen shot and killed a rival gang member.Being that young and already murdering someone is a problem in our society because kids that age should be in a gang or exposed to all that violence. Many gang members recruit small children so they can get them to commit violent acts and they wont be trailed as adults. Another example from the article of World Youth Report, Some groups and subcultures tend to use violence as a means of solving interpersonal conflicts, and the melodic phrase thus created is an important mediating factor contributing to delinquent or cri minal behavior. Violence can also be interpret as solving problems with their fists, these ways of upshots are used by many kids and they get it from the neighborhood they are growing up in. Violence is a major influence on children because of the neighborhood they are growing up in. To reiterate, there are many reasons tor why children can be driven to Juvenile elinquencies but the main reason is neighborhoods because of gangs, drugs and violence.Children when growing up in bad neighborhoods are exposed to many things because gangs, drugs and violence are in bad neighborhoods. Many children move into more and more bad neighborhoods and are being exposed to gangs, drugs and violence. There are some etymons that we can approach to stop kids from getting involved in these bad influences. One solution is providing programs like the Big Brother Big Sister program to have a role model to guide them down the right path. Another solution is reducing the gangs in neighborhoods and getting them off he streets.If we were able to develop a program were low income families can be located to good neighborhoods and have an agreement to live their instead of a bad neighborhood that would fix the problem. Though there are many solutions making them come true is a different story but there are many programs out there that provide kids with the help and attention they need.